Canon EOS 5D Mark II
ƒ/4
35 mm
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I have been back in the office this week, and there are still about 7000 Africa photos I have not seen yet. But meanwhile, there are a bunch of new space artifacts to distract me… =)

I have been looking for this for a while to fill out the command module instrument panel.

Heritage Description:
Apollo Early Block I Training-Used Command Module Flight Director Attitude Indicator (FDAI).

This FDAI or “8 Ball” was used to define the relative position of the spacecraft in three-dimensional space. Originally designed to be three different panel instruments, the astronauts, many of whom were pilots, lobbied for an all-in-one device similar to the “artificial horizon” indicator in airplanes.

The metal tag on the side indicates that this was “MFG BY HONEYWELL FOR NAA /S & ID”. (This was the Space and Information Systems Division of North American Aviation.) The manufacturer part number is shown as “DJG204E3” and the manufacture date as “Jul 23, 1964”. Printed on the same side is the text: “Caution For Training Use Only”. A handwritten pencil note reads: “Pitch Out – 6-22-69? LQS”. Two red inspector stamps and the number “C29-2A52” are present.”

Built in 1964, the Apollo 1 astronauts may have trained with this FDAI before the tragic pad fire.

Update: just learned that the Space1 fellow below was the consigner of this artifact. “about that FDAI: Based on its markings, it must have been used in training. I had acquired it from an auction of Charlie Bell’s estate on April 29, 2000. (Charlie Bell was a NASA engineer at KSC.) Charlie Bell had lots of varied items, literally acres of test equipment, tools, ground support equipment, launch vehicle components (including a damaged Atlas missile on its carrier, several H-1 and J-2 engines), and many mostly unsorted Apollo artifacts, including some flown items. He got all of his stuff from NASA sales.”

14 responses to “Apollo Block I FDAI 8-Ball”

  1. "Indicator mounts a ball with three axes of rotation, showing the spacecraft attitude in yaw, roll and pitch. Short needles on the outer scales indicate attitude rates. Longer needles over the indicator face show commanded attitudes from the spacecraft guidance system.

    Red circles centered at yaw 0 and 180 degree poles indicate where the inertial guidance gimbals are in danger of locking (gimbals from two axes aligning with each other) causing loss of attitude reference."

    Block II (the next design iteration) innards from Space1

    fdai10_600fdai11_600
    fdai5_600

    And my diagram from Apollo 13 shows where they are centrally located in the Lunar Module:
    Control Display from Apollo 13

  2. This reminds me of an old gyroscope we have in the UNI Physics Department that was used in a world war II bomber. The engineering put into these devices really show the ingenuity and craftsmen ship of the time period. Living in the present where cheap foreign manufactured goods flood the market and anything made with quality is considered "high end", it truly saddens me to the core that we don’t have the same mentality that we did in the 50’s and 60’s. The pride put into products that people used everyday and built to standards that had the engineer thinking that it would be around for decades and not discarded after only a small amount of use.

    I hope the world can maybe circle back to that time and realize that the products that we buy should last a lifetime.

  3. Are you actually collecting these things yourself? Jealous!

  4. Hey, you’ve got the frappin’ 8-ball right in front of you.

  5. [http://www.flickr.com/photos/j_to_the_wall] : I have the same feeling. I related this to a work colleague, an old (and very good) German mechanical engineer, who apprenticed there post-war. He pointed out that it’s only the good stuff that survives to this day. There was plenty of cheap crap made then, but it’s all in garbage dumps now. You see the same effect with old houses – the bad ones have been torn down and replaced and only the best examples are preserved. The notion that "They don’t build them like they used to" is false. There has always been cheap crap made. True, the bar has been lowered for the mass production of cheap, adequate goods, and a kind Greshams law of goods has diluted the real quality stuff, but exist it does.

  6. Very nice piece of tech.

  7. 3d position relative to what? Why would this not work in say, a helicopter, which can also move freely in 3space (up/back/down etc.)… ps: i saw one of these in a pawn shop in san rafael last week (not) 😉

  8. [http://www.flickr.com/photos/35928519@N00] – yes, a couple years ago I started collecting space artifacts. The last thing I collected was core memory boards, and in both cases, it was partially sparked by finding an auction source for items that I did not think were readily available.

    [http://www.flickr.com/photos/65131864@N00] – Sure, and airplanes too.

    [http://www.flickr.com/photos/27268164@N00] – Very interesting! I had not heard that argument before, and it really makes me think. Is it a classic sampling bias – of course we only see old artifacts that were built to last. I am reminded of the beautiful stone structures in Tallinn. There were also lesser structures built of wood there in the 1400’s, but they have since burnt down. Estonia was rich enough to build with stone (as part of the Hanseatic trading league of the time), and many of those those buildings remain today. (Helps to not have been bombed much too).

    With Apollo artifacts, though, there is also the "lost" art of mechanical design (in a transitional era of fledgling electronics). Elegant feedback mechanisms and embedded analog computation in Apollo have given way to the black box of electronic control systems.

    One thing I am struck by is how heavy everything was… in a context where minimizing liftoff weight is a design goal.

  9. [http://www.flickr.com/photos/imager] I had never really thought about it that way I suppose. It still seems like everything is just not as solid as it used to. I relate to my old minolta film camera from the 70’s (it was my dads). The way the lens focuses is sooo smooth and feels so good in your hands where the lens on my Nikon D5000, which may be superior in other effets, just doesn’t have the same sort of action. Im pretty sure the autofocus is part of the blame but its still something that bothers me lol. Another example that comes to mind are the big knobs on an old stereo or even an amplifier. The action you get out of those old things is awesome compared to the cheap stuff you find on the stereos today.

  10. For every 1970s Minolta camera that survives to this day there are 50 Instamatics that got thrown in the trash. For every 1970s stereo with big metal knobs there are 50 with cheap plastic knobs that broke and fell off.

  11. Alright, Alright I give…but can’t I dream a little?

  12. Meanwhile, I just read a passage from Apollo 15 Commander David Scott on the importance of the FDAI, and the relative scarcity of Block I versions:

    “The thing we fly by, as pilots, is the attitude gyro — the 8-ball. And there was only one in Block I. And that’s key to what you do in all sorts of situations, and they didn’t want to put two 8-balls in Block II. We wanted a backup attitude gyro. As I recall, McDivitt finally had to go to the Program Manager on behalf of the Astronaut Office and say ‘without two attitude gyros on the Block II spacecraft, we’re not going to fly it! That’s all. Want to put two in or not?’ And we got two 8-balls, which could not be justified technically – No Way! – because they were reliable and there were other things to look at. But, from a pilot’s perspective, those were key.” (How Apollo Flew to the Moon, 2011, p.172)

  13. I can understand that argument. If there’s only one 8-ball and it craps out, however unlikely that might be, you can’t roll down the window and follow roads home.

  14. and Rusty Schweickart, the first LM Pilot and B612 co-founder, gave us a magical tour of the artifacts and how he used them. Here he explains the dreaded gimbal lock:

    IMG_9280

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